Sastra Linguistik

Oleh Sinta Ridwan |

Aku jadi sadar membaca dua tugas ini lagi, tugas pada mata kuliah sastra dan linguistik, di situ aku bisa mendapatkan jawaban, aku suka apa. Pada satu sisi aku suka ngutak-ngatik kata, kalimat, dan bahasa (linguistik), sebaliknya aku juga suka sastra, entah itu novel, puisi, cerpen, dan lainnya. Keduanya “semoga” bisa aku jalani, meski aku mainannya linguistik bahasa daerah, bukan bahasa Inggris lagi, hehehe.

Sastra dan Linguistik

Literature
Literature is the instrument of study, and it can means the composition which has beautiful language, and from that meaning, it can tells that literature is one of the great creative and universal means of communication the emotional, spiritual, or intellectual concerns of mankind.

Drama
Drama is a form of literature intended for performance by actors. In general the subject matter is narrative in character and, in the type of story traditionally considered suitable for presentation on the stage, the interplay of opposing elements usually results in a conflict.

Western Drama:
1st great period in Greece, Attica, in the century preceding the Peloponnesian War.
2nd in the Renaissance, the cultural transition between the Christian Middle ages and the political expansion of Florence and the artistic development of Ferrara and Venice (1475-1600).
3rd in the age of Ibsen (1828-1906).

The kinds of drama are:

  1. Greek Drama
    Tragedy and comedy are forms peculiar to the Attic stage, and to the drama later written in imitation of the Greek.
  2. Comedy
    Comedy is some what less mysterious in its origins than tragedy. The word comedy, komodia, is clearly derived from komos (a revel). New comedy apparently developed quite naturally from the older form.
  3. Roman Drama
    Roman taste apparently included much more to spectacle than to drama. Under the interdiction of the church, the mimes and dancers became itinerant players hounded by the bishops and harassed by civil authorities, and, in this unlikely fashion, the classic tradition was transmitted through the Middle Ages until once again it came to light in the popular farces and mummeries of the Renaissance.
  4. Medieval drama
    Our knowledge of the medieval theater is gleaned largely from Episcopal edicts directed against the juculatores and histriones who earned a precarious livelihood trudging the roads from court to court and town to town.
  5. Renaissance Tragedy
    It was not until the middle of the 16th century that the Classical influence asserted itself in English drama.

Novel
Novels are written–not oral–fincional prose narratives of substantial length and complex-city. Novels tell of events within the range of ordinary experience and avoid supernaturalism, and their stories are original, not traditional or mythic.

I have a novels, the tittle is “Ah, Bintang, Bintang” I wrote that novel until 1 years, its tells about my life and my love.
– forms and techniques
– appearance and reality
– point of view
– types of narrative
– types of subject matter

Poetry
Poetry is the term for the many literary forms through which man has given rhythmic expression to his most imaginative and intense perceptions of himself and his universe. Poetry is always artificial, consciously made, it also is always rhythmic, although the kinds of rhythm it uses very from language to language, culture to culture, and age.

Kinds of poems:
– narrative
– dramatic
– lyric

Technical elements of poetry:
a. rhythm
b. meter
c. sound structures
d. form
e. imagery
f. technical variation
g. interpreting and evaluating a poem

The example a poem:

Lonely
Cold night, and I was alone.
The rain felt down unstopable.
Only day dreamed what I did.
So deep in lonely, no one around.
But I wanna be like this.
I don’t like crowded.
I don’t like people around on me.
I don’t know what I have to do.
Only God who know what I want.
But I just want to be alone and quietly.
I want my life finish.
And live in heaven with happiness.

August 2nd 2002
By Sinta Ridwan

Lyric Poetry:
– origins of lyric poetry
– the ancient lyric
– greek
– roman
– lyric poetry in the middle ages
– the lyric poems after 1600
– the song tradition
– the oral tradition
– the visual tradition
– schools of lyric poetry

Essay
Essay, any relatively brief literary composition on a restricted topic.

The Forms:
– types
– forerunners
– beginnings
– new forms

Short Story

A Tale from a Coffee Stall
The man was lost in thought in the corner of a coffee stall near a hill overlooking the sea, surrounded by a glass of thick coffee, some cakes in oily banana leaves on a dish and cigarette smoke. This was Syaiful. Before losing his family, he had been a chatty guy, telling endless stories from dawn ‘til dusk. Some people were disappointed and angered by the loss of Syaiful’s story telling habit. Nobody was capable of restoring him to his prior daily life.

Lela watched, smiling, at Syaiful sleeping beside her. She was eager to make her husband’s favorite cake. Lela started cooking, her heart full of love. After the dough and filling were ready, Lela returned to the bedroom to find Syaiful still sound asleep.

Lela smiled after steaming the oily snack, waiting for them to be cooked through. It wouldn’t take long. Syaiful smiled as Lela’s caresses awakened him. A lot of cakes were still left on the other customers got bored with Syaiful’s grunting.

Syaiful was still tight-lipped. After a moment, he gazed out at the sea. He fixed his eyes upon the vast ocean for a long while, the customers still waiting. Syaiful sagged for a moment, thinking of what had been trapped in his mind for so long. He wanted to share more with them. But he didn’t know how to begin.

Kajian Sastra “English Literature” (the last worksheet for semester 5) – 2005

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February 1st 2006

Prose

  • novels
  • plays
  • short stories
  • essay
  • biographies

Novels

Analysis: Introduction
About the novel:

  1. character
  2. setting of time and place
  3. plot: alur cerita
  4. philosophy
  5. implication

Author = yours

Reproduction

Philosophy of Library:

“The books there (rak) are waiting to serve you and note to intimidate you” again?

Review Novel “Brazos” By: Ross Mc Laury Taylor

“A sweeping tale of the violent, bawdy, wide open west. The most honest honel which has ever been laid against the background of the southwestern frontier.” By the new york times. Brazos Bolton was 16 when he left the ranch. He had a saddle, a horse, a gun, a yen to “see round about”. He was plenty. It was 1876. from dusty Dallas to roaring Wichita. It was boom-time, a time of bawling trail herds, cattle kings, card sharps, honky-tonks, renegades, rustlers, and cow-town sluts. A rip-tide of excitement surged.

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February 8th 2006

Background of the author (sequence of events)

  • William Wordsworth was born April 7th, 1770 at Cockermouth, Cumberland.
  • His father was John Wordsworth who was born 1741.
  • He was an attorney working in the service of the Leading landowner and political power of Sir James Lowter.
  • His mother was Ann Cookson who was born 1748.
  • In 1778 his mother died.
  • 1n 1779-1787 he attended Hawkshead Grammar School.
  • What a pity, however, his father died and all of the children of Worldsworth were cared by uncle Richard W…
  • Wordsworth graduated from Cambridge, unsettled on career in January 1791, while lived in Orleans and Blois, he become supporter of the Revolution, and he was falling in love with Armette Vallon of Blois.
  • And they were married and had a child Anne-Caroline, on December 15th, 1792.
  • Wordsworth lived in London, where his poems An Evening Walk and Descriptive sketches were brought out by the radical publisher Joseph Johnson.
  • In summer, wordsworth was walking tour to Salisbury Plain, Isle of Wight, Wye Valley and Walles and composed A letter to the Bishop of Llandaff.
  • In 1815, first collected edition of poems published with ‘preface’ and ‘essay’.
  • Supplementary, and letter to a friend of Robert Burns published in 1816.
  • The book of Peter Bell published in 1819.
  • Wordsworth was appointed poet-laureate on death of Southey in 1843.
  • Kendal and Windermere Railway: Two letters reprinted from the morning post had published in opposition to a proposed extension of railroads into the lake district, and on April 23rd he died, and the last book was The Prelude published on July 1850.

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April 18th 2007

Linguistics Sciences
• Linguistics
• Phonetics
• Phonology
• Sociolinguistics
• Syntax
• Semantics
• Morphology
• Psycholinguistics
• Anthropology
• Linguistic and Computer

Definition the Elements of Linguistics
Semantics is the study of meaning.
Lexical Meaning is that, which is based on dictionary.
Grammatical Meaning is that, which is determined by the relationship between the meaning of the word with those of the rest of the other words in the sentences.
Denotative = Lexical
Connotative = Implied

Linguistics is the scientific study of human language, so linguistics is purely science.
Phonetics is branch of linguistic science dealing with organs of speech and their function as well as processes in producing speech sounds.
Phonology is the study of phonemes and their function as well as distribution in a given language.
Phoneme is the smallest unit of sounds that distinguishes meaning.
Beg and Bag differs in one phoneme.

Sociolinguistics is the study of language from a point of view of social status of the speakers of that language.
Psycholinguistics is the study of language acquisition by children of psychological behavior and motivation.
Hence, it deals with how the babies acquire their first language or native language (language acquisition) and how the language is related to the human brain as well as their dendrites during acquire process, psycholinguistics is the comparison between language on the once handed and psychology in the other hand. Other exports which are involved in this (psychology) and neutralities, still according to experts, language process, happens in the left brain whereas music and color, take places on the right brain.

Phonemics is the branch of phonology concerned with synchronic analysis, of the sound system of a given language.
Morphology is the study of morpheme, morpheme is the smallest meaningful grammatical unit, and morphology is also regarded as the smallest unit of sound that has meaning.
Syntax is the arrangement of words into meaningful sentences.
Anthropology is the study of language and their society culture of that language.
Linguistics and Computer is a new branch of linguistic study using computer as the store of language data.
Semantic Structure is the level of language on which meaning relations between vocabulary items may be established.

Every language may be said to have its own semantic structure which linguistics try to analyze, in addition to its phonological and grammatical structures.
Semantic Triangle is the view proposed by C.K Ogden and I.A Richards that linguistic meaning can be explained in terms on the triadic relationship between things or concept to which reference is made, the symbol or name used to refer to it, and the mental image or sense it has for a speaker or hearer.
Semantic Value is the ability of a linguistics element to distinguish lexical meaning.
Thus the phoneme /p/ and /t/ distinguish the words pin and tin and have semantic value.

Semantics is the system and the study of meaning in language.
Many different theories of meaning have been put forward by different authors and schools, first in the realm of philosophy (philosophical semantics) and more recently within the scope of linguistics.

Language from semantics is the sound meaning correlation.

Kategori: Tulisan dan Ulasan.